Dark Matter Dark Stars
On occasion people write to me advocating the possibility that a brown dwarf
binary companion might be be constructed by 'electric fields' or plasma. I
generally reply that the Dark Star theory does not require a new theory of
physics to work. A sub brown dwarf built of regular elements would do
nicely. However, there is one intriguing possibility from new physics that
might also fit. Could a Dark Star binary companion be made up of 'dark
matter'? Dark matter is still largely theoretical, but its presence is
required to explain the missing mass of the universe. Given the quantity
of mass missing, is seems likely that it clumps into Dark Stars. It would
also make sense that there are a huge number of low mass stars rather than
extremely massive Dark Matter Stars which might be bending light, and creating
other more noticeable effects. So such a notion would fit with a multitude
of missing low mass companions located at the peripheries of stellar systems.
Here's a piece from 2007 sent to me by my astronomer friend Mattia which
puts just such a possibility across:
"Before stars were fueled by nuclear fusion, they may
have been fueled by dark matter. Researchers have theorized that "Dark Stars"
may have been supported by the huge release of energy from dark matter
annihilation (i.e. the release of energy that comes when matter and antimatter
encounter each other) in the early universe. The physicists from UC Santa Cruz,
UM Ann Arbor, and the University of Utah believe that despite many theories
stating otherwise, dark matter did have an effect on the first stars in the
universe.
"The release of energy from dark matter/anti-dark matter annihilation may have
prevented the first proto-stars from collapsing and beginning fusion, but in
turn could have heated a star¿s core enough to support it. This would change the
time scale of the formation of second generation stars, the appearance of
elements like nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen in our universe, and other aspects of
stellar evolution.
"Products of the annihilation, such as neutrinos, gamma-rays, or antimatter may
make these dark stars or their remnants detectable. Although stars composed of
dark matter are likely to be much dimmer than normal stars, they may produce
some light. The next step for researchers will be to determine how much visible
light the dark stars give off, and how long they survive. Dark stars may have
died out millions of years ago, or they may still exist today.
"The idea of dark stars relies on the Lightest Super symmetric Particle (LSP), a
highly favored candidate for particles that make up dark matter. The properties
of the LSPs are consistent with current information about dark matter in the
universe. Many physicists are hopeful that new experiments in particle colliders
will soon yield more discoveries on the nature of dark matter, and perhaps offer
insight into the possibility of dark stars in the early universe."
Reference: "Dark Matter Stars" Douglas Spolyar, Katherine Freese, and Paolo
Gondolo Physical Review Letters, 30th November 2007
http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/physik_astronomie/bericht-99247.html
with thanks to Mattia
Scientific American catches
Dark Star Fever

Scientific American are leading
with this brown dwarf planetary systems article, and accompanying image on the
front of their June 2009 magazine which looks an awful lot like the cover of
'Dark Star'! It's not just the cover either - 'Scientific American'
speculates about the possibility of habitable planets existing around brown
dwarfs, and mentions the potential for such objects to lie hidden between us and
the nearest star. Which is exactly what I've been advocating for some
years.
"Unlikely Suns Reveal Improbable
Planets - Astronomers are finding planets where there were not supposed to be
any."
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=improbable-planets
With thanks to David
The Late, Great Bombardment
Many of my readers will be familiar
with my description of the late, great bombardment. After the formation of
the solar system, there was a volatile period involving planets crashing about,
and at some point very early in the system's history Earth took a hit from a
Mars-sized body. This incredible impact eventually led to the formation of the
Moon. Things quietened down considerably, until a point when the Sun was
over 600 million years old. Then a new series of high impact events
caused mayhem in the inner solar system. This event, some 3.9 billion
years ago, was the Late, Great Bombardment. What created these
catastrophes? Astronomers don't know. I have proposed that this is
the point when the 'Celestial Battle' took place - the advent and close approach
of the Dark Star binary companion and its system of planets.
Whether my explanation is correct or
not, the catastrophe was certainly real enough. Scientists working on this
mysterious period of cataclysm have now found that life might have survived the
multiple asteroid impacts, which would help with the modelling of the emergence
of life on this planet. The extent of the damage to Earth is also
consistent with the damage sustained by 'Tiamat' asdescribed by Sitchin:
Geologic evidence suggests that
life on Earth was present at least 3.83 billion years ago, said Mojzsis. “So it
is not unreasonable to suggest there was life on Earth before 3.9 billion years
ago. We know from the geochemical record that our planet was eminently habitable
by that time, and this new study sews up a major problem in origins of life
studies by sweeping away the necessity for multiple origins of life on Earth.”
Most scientists believe a rogue plan et as large as Mars smacked Earth with a
glancing blow 4.5 billion years ago, vaporizing it self and part of Earth. The
collision would have created an immense vapor cloud from which moonlets, and
later our moon, coalesced, Mojzsis said. “That event, which preceded the Late
Heavy Bombardment by at least 500 million years, would have effectively hit
Earth’s re-set button,” he said.
“But our results strongly suggest that no events since the moon formation were
capable of destroying Earth’s crust and wiping out any biosphere that was
present,” Mojzsis said. “In stead of chopping down the tree of life, our view is
that the bombardment pruned it.”
Reference:
"Early
cells might have thrived amid asteroid pummeling" 20th May 2009,
http://www.world-science.net/othernews/090520_asteroid
Brown Dwarf Discoveries
There has been a rash of discoveries
about small failed stars this week. Some very young (and therefore still
hot) sub-brown dwarfs have been found (1). Their mass is in the region of
what I expect for our binary Dark Star, although their youth makes them an awful
lot more active as they have not yet used up their fuel. They are not
bound to parent stars, but have formed within stellar nurseries alongside more
traditional suns. Another recent discovery is of a binary object which is
very cool by failed star standards. At just 300 degrees Celsius, Wolf 940B
is clearly an old brown dwarf, weighing in at between 20 and 30 Jupiter masses
(2).
The size and warmth of these
discovered objects is dropping as detection methods improve. But they
remain difficult to find, and old objects of the order of ten Jupiter masses
remain beyond current limits. But it is only a matter of time.
Crucially, brown dwarfs are popping up despite their difficulty to be spotted,
and this may show that they are far more abundant than has been thought, which
may mean that scientists need to revisit their theories of star formation (3).
References
1) "Astronomers
Discover Youngest And Lowest Mass Dwarfs" 22nd April 2009
http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Astronomers_Discover_Youngest_And_Lowest_Mass_Dwarfs_999.html
With thanks to David
2) Anna Salleh "Coolest brown dwarf in universe found"
20th April 2009
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/04/20/2547549.htm?site=science&topic=latest
With thank to David
3) New Scientist "'Failed stars' may be common in our galaxy" 19th April 2009
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227044.900-failed-stars-may-be-common-in-our-galaxy.html
With thanks to David
Habitable Planets around Dwarf
Stars
There have been a couple of
interesting articles recently about whether life could exist on planets orbiting
red dwarf stars. These small stars are common, but have been traditionally
left out of the debate about life on extrasolar planets. But more
recently, planetary scientists have reconsidered this prior prejudice.
Red dwarfs are much larger than the
Dark Star object I discuss, which is more like the planet Jupiter.
Nevertheless, some of the considerations are interesting, and valid for both
cases. In particular, whether tidally-locked planets around parent dwarf
stars could have reasonable atmospheres (1). Another point raised by NASA
is that data from protoplanetary disks around red and brown dwarfs shows a lack
of hydrogen cyanide, which might be a problem for the evolution on life in such
systems (3). Also of interest is the need for a magnetic field on the
candidate habitable world, which is a function of its spin and size (1).
Here are the references:
1) Michael Schirber, Astrobiology Magazine, 9th April 2009
http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/090409-sm-reddwarf-life.html
With thanks to Brian, Pat and David
2) "Prospects for Red Dwarf 'Earths'"
http://www.centauri-dreams.org/?p=6713 With thanks to David
3) Whitney Clavin, NASA JPL press release "Cool Stars Have Different Mix of
Life-Forming Chemicals" 7th April 2009, with thanks to Monika
Dark Star on Coast-to-Coast

Andy Lloyd was George Noory's
guest on
the night of Wednesday 4th March 2009.
He talked about his new
novel, “Ezekiel One”. Topics under discussion included 2012, government
cover-ups about intelligent E.T. life, governmental manipulation of the
mainstream media, the Anunnaki, and Planet X / Nibiru. Andy built upon his
‘Dark Star Theory’ research to show how intelligent life can exist on our
doorstep, posing challenges and dangers for those in power on Planet Earth.
There was a lively and well-informed final hour of questions. Thanks
to George, Tom, Lex and Stephanie at Coast-to-Coast for facilitating another
great show. Here's the show's recap, and subscriber podcasts:
http://www.coasttocoastam.com/shows/2009/03/04.html
This was Andy's third
appearance on the show. Here are the links for his previous interviews: